The comparative advantage of mining ores from production and exports point of view is an important factor in economic planning. This issue is central in developing countries. In Iran, promoting the non-petroleum exports and hence departing from the single-product economy to a wider range of exports is a major issue. Also, This is one of the main objectives of the Forth Economic and Social Plan of Iran. Mining reserves play an important role in providing the raw materials used in related industries. Spread due to the geographical and geological situation of Iran, there are significant and valuable ore reserved situated in different parts of the country. This is an excellent potential for the mining investment. In this paper the comparative advantage of operating copper mines in Iran, from production to exports stage, is evaluated by applying the Domestic Resources Cost (DRC) method. Finally, this study recommends a regime for promotion of production and export of the ore. Accuracy of the results obtained in the paper is tasted by comparing these with the real standard ratios being used in other countries.

The comparative advantage of minerals from production and export point of view is one of the important key factors in economical activities. This issue is central in the developing countries. In Iran, promoting the non-petroleum export and diverting from the single-product economy to a wide range of exports is a major issue. This is an excellent potential for the mining investment. In this paper, the comparative advantage of operating gold mines in Iran, from the production to the export stages, is evaluated by the implementation of the Domestic Resources Cost (DRC) method. Finally this study recommends a regime for the promoting of the production and export or importing the ore. Accuracy of this method is examined by the comparing the result with the real standard ratio, being used in the other countries.

Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

South Pars gas field is the largest gas field in the world and is shared between Iran and Qatar. One of the most important projects in this field is the development of Phases 17 and 18. This mega project is one of the most important projects implemented in the South Pars gas field. This paper examines the impact of domestic inflation on the costs of implementing these phases over a period of ten years(2003-2013). The main purpose of this study is to calculate and compare the costs of implementing this project under non-inflationary conditions. For this purpose, the main and standard activities of this phases is selected and its costs calculated and then neutralize inflation indicators for the desired time period to be compared between inflation and non-inflationary states. Wilcoxon test used to compare two dependent groups. Based on statistical analysis, assuming the absence of other factors, the expenditures of selected activities in phases 17and 18 of South Pars in the inflationary state were significantly higher than the non-inflationary state.

Purpose: The purpose of this applied research is to study the effectiveness of gamification on corporate training.  Methodology: A gamified course was designed and implemented to train the location of Fire Hosing Cabinet for 24 employees of a firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental research plan (post-test only control group design) the participants of the study were randomly assigned to treatment (12) and control (12) groups and trained for a week.  Conclusion: The descriptive and interpretive result of the posttest analyses indicated the effectiveness of gamification of the training performed for the employees of the firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Moreover, the descriptive result of Gamification Acceptance Questionnaire answered by the members of the experimental group after gamified training indicated that all the participants in the experimental group were satisfied with the gamified training course.

Iran usually claims to have comparative advantage in horticultural products. Appraisal of this in relation with target markets like OECD countries is important especially when England is one of the main importers of Iran's apples. This study examines the hypothesis on horticultural activity Azerbaijan province for apple production in selected cities (Oroumia, Khoy and Salmas of West Azerbaijan province). It provides a theoretical frame work for the analysis of the comparative advantage through Domestic Resource Cost Method (DRC).The impact of exchange rate and shadow price change of land and irrigation water on comparative advantage of apple production activity were assessed. The results showed that DRC is sensitive to changes in exchange rates, shadow price of land and, irrigation water. These factors have a great effect on comparative advantage of the region.The results also show that among those selected cities, Oroumiah has comparative advantage in horticultural production, so this sector is expected to play much important role in the future of the region.